A segregação socioespacial da cidade refletida na infraestrutura urbana: análise da urbanização do município da Barra dos Coqueiros/SE

Abstract

Segregation is a city characteristic, especially of capitalist cities where large social disparities are commonplace. The existing duality in urban space built under a segregation process can be identified by different perspectives, among them, the supply of urban infrastructure. Thus, this research investigates the process of socio-spatial segregation through the present interrelationship between urban infrastructure and the socioeconomic aspects of the population, using the municipality of Barra dos Coqueiros (Sergipe) as a territorial framework. The concept of the study was based on the choice of the variables present in the 1991, 2000 and 2010 demographic censuses, therefore allowing the consistent analysis of the urban infrastructure offered to the households. Different data were selected such as on water supply by the general network, on sanitation by a general network collection, on garbage collection and on electricity services by the supply company. For the better understanding of the intersection between the urban infrastructure and the socioeconomic aspects of the population, the data on average income and education of the household heads are used as well. Once visualized through the elaboration of thematic maps, the data showed that, in general, the urban infrastructure of Barra dos Coqueiros is precarious, especially regarding sewage disposal, which was not even available in 1991. Even so, it was possible to identify that the areas in the southeastern region of the municipality have better infrastructure and a higher concentration of the people responsible with higher average income and education. The northeastern region, in comparison, shows an antagonistic scenario, characterized by a population with lower income and a low level of education that lives with an extremely reduced supply of infrastructure, with only two households, according to the last survey, attended by a sanitary sewage network. Thus, it can be confirmed that the territory of Barra dos Coqueiros shows a process of socio-spatial segregation that can be identified by the direct proportional relationship between the supply of urban infrastructure and the socioeconomic aspects of the population.