Hospitalização de crianças e adolescentes em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de referência em trauma

Abstract

External causes are a worrying public health problem and one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, especially for children and adolescents. The DATASUS (2020) brought that in Brazil, external causes, occupied the second position among the mortality of children and adolescents in the year 2018. More than 220 thousand hospitalizations, where many of these required ICU beds (Intensive Care Unit) due to the severity of the injuries caused by the injury. This problem implies the health of the country, both because they are predictable and preventable causes, as well as because of the burden that they entail, either in hospital expenses or because of their consequences and sequels. To analyze the characteristics of hospitalizations in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of reference in trauma. To characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of hospitalizations in a reference Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in trauma and to identify the factors associated with hospitalization in a reference Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in trauma. This is a cross-sectional survey. The study was carried out in a public hospital in the state of Bahia. Data collection was carried out by consulting medical records. The data were organized and tabulated using the Office Excel program, and subsequently analyzed using the Statistic Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Afterwards, a descriptive analysis was performed in order to characterize and identify the causes of hospitalization study population. For bivariate analysis, Pearson's Chi Square (2) and / or Fisher's Exact Test were used to investigate differences between proportions (p <0.05). The research respected all the ethical precepts described in resolutions 466/12, 510/16 and 580/18 of the National Health Council. They will be presented through two manuscripts. The first entitled “Characterization of Hospitalizations for External Causes in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit” shows that most hospitalizations occurred due to burns (24.3%), falls (22.3%), traffic accidents (20.4%) and violence (10.5%). The second, “Factors Associated with the Hospitalization of Children and Adolescents in an Intensive Care Unit” showed that 68% of children and adolescents were admitted as victims of external causes. It also performed a bivariate analysis, where it was associated with the origin of other municipalities (p <0.001), the age group of 1-4 years (p = 0.020), the male gender (p = 0.032), the length of stay of up to seven days (p <0.001) and discharge as an outcome (p = 0.035). In the final model of the multivariate analysis, the following were significant: origin from other municipalities (p <0.001) and hospital stay of up to seven days (p <0.001). The study showed that boys, aged one to four years, living in the countryside are more likely to be hospitalized for external causes, although with a positive outcome regarding hospital discharge and length of stay less than seven days. Also that burns, falls, traffic accidents and violence are the main types of injuries that lead children and adolescents to need intensive care in an intensive care unit, showing the prevalence of external causes in a sample of this population in the State of Bahia.