Cuidados prestados pela equipe de enfermagem ao paciente em paliação na unidade de terapia intensiva: um olhar sobre a teoria final de vida pacifico

Abstract

With the increase in life expectancy in recent years, there was the emergence of chronic diseases and out of therapeutic possibilities, which resulted in an increase in the number of admissions to the Intensive Care Units. However, even with so much technological arsenal in this unit, the cure at certain times becomes impossible, and in this scenario the philosophy of Palliative Care emerges, which through the actions of a multidisciplinary team, seeks to offer quality of life to this patient, relief from suffering and dignified care until the moment of his death. In view of these events, nursing professionals are faced with a reality that is different from the usual one, where care in a more sensitive way becomes essential so that the moments experienced by the patient in palliation become comfortable in all its dimensions. In this context, the research has as general objective: To apprehend the care provided by the nursing team to patients undergoing palliative care in the Intensive Care Unit. Specific objectives: 1. Identify the knowledge of the nursing team about palliative care; 2. Describe actions that the nursing team performs and considers as belonging to palliative care in intensive care; 3. Describe the actions of the nursing team so that patients in palliative care have greater proximity to their family, friends and/or people who care for them; 4. Know the facilities and difficulties of the nursing staff in caring for patients undergoing palliative care in the Intensive Care Unit. This is an exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in an Intensive Care Unit of a large philanthropic hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The participants were 14 nurses and 21 nursing technicians who work in this sector. Data collection took place after approval by the Ethics Committee. Data were obtained through a sociodemographic questionnaire and an interview with a semi-structured script. After the interview, the testimonies were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique and the results discussed in the light of the Final Theory of Peaceful Life. The following categories emerged:1. Knowledge of the nursing team about Palliative Care, 2. Actions promoted by the nursing team to promote comfort to patients undergoing palliative care; 3. Actions promoted by the nursing team to facilitate family proximity; 4. Difficulties and facilities in nursing care for patients undergoing palliation in the ICU; 5. Spiritual care for patients undergoing palliation; 6. Unpreparedness of the nursing team to offer emotional care. There was an incipient knowledge of the nursing team about Palliative Care. It is highlighted in the interviews that nurses and nursing technicians provide biopsychosocial and spiritual comfort to the patient during care, they welcome family members and patients in times of fear and anxiety, but lack of family understanding, fragile communication, difficulty in dealing with death and the lack of preparation in the provision of emotional care makes it difficult to carry out Palliative Care. The nursing team needs training since its formation so that the care provided to family and patients promotes quality of life in all dimensions.