Análise do Sistema de Saúde do Uruguai no enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19.

Abstract

Introduction: In early December 2019, the first outbreaks of an acute respiratory syndrome were reported in the Chinese megalopolis of Wuhan, and due to its rapid spread across countries and territories in the world, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Several segments have been mobilized, the health systems most in demand. Health systems around the world have implemented different responses, with different outcomes, between a few successful and many unsuccessful cases, with a certain absence of comprehensive guiding instruments to face Covid-19. Uruguay, along with Cuba, stood out in Latin America with the best performance. However, the situation has changed radically since late 2020 and during the analyzed period of 2021 (January and July) Objective: To analyse the evolution of the pandemic of COVID-19 in Uruguay, considering the characteristics of the health, health surveillance systems. Methodology: This is a case study, through integrative review and documentary analysis. The search was conducted in databases within the Capes portal (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus), using the combination of the following terms associated with the descriptors of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS): Uruguay AND COVID-19 AND "health system", following the definition of the corresponding base, seeking to analyze studies published between January and December 2020 until January and July 2021. Results: The experience of Uruguay is described in most of the literature accessed as a case of success in facing the pandemic, during the first year. Marked the response of Uruguay the constitution of a successful governance in the articulation between different organizations and agents on public policy, involving government, science and society in general, with strong adherence of the population to the measures implemented. The pre existing characteristics of the health system and of social protection are also highlighted as elements that favour the success of the response. And for the failure phase, the government's posture, the population's over confidence in the authorities and the emergence and rapid spread of new variants in the region are included.