A governança pública do carnaval, enquanto Commom Resource: um estudo comparado entre Salvador e Recife

Abstract

This research work investigates the public governance model of Salvador and Recife’s Carnival, starting from the definition of Carnival as a Common Pool Resource - CPR. It uses as object of analysis the performance, in 2019, of the City Council of Carnival and Other Popular Festivals (COMCAR), in Salvador; and the City Council of Cultural Policy (CMPC), in the city of Recife, considering the Councils as the locus of civil society participation in the management of the event. To enable the work, we conducted a qualitative, exploratory research, carried out through a comparative case study. As an analytical model, we used content analysis, with the support of the software Taguette; the eight principles of Elinor Ostrom on the Governance of Common Public Goods were defined as the main categories of analysis. The investigation process initially focused on the public governance of Carnival in Salvador and Recife, demonstrating how the characteristics of the event define it as a CPR and how the process of constructing the current model of governance in the two cities took place. Therefore, investigations and records on the subject were analyzed, as well as the specific legislation, which deals with the institution of the Councils and their attributions, as well as the Internal Rules of each Collegiate. Next, the thesis sought to analyze the performance of COMCAR and CMPC in 2019 (Carnival 2020), the last year of operation before the COVID-19 pandemic, which eventually led to the cancellation of Carnival celebrations in the years of 2021 and 2022. The analysis of their performance was also driven according to the 8 principles of Ostrom, in order to enable a better perception about the degree of adherence of each governance model to the alternative model presented by the author, based on the internal management of the CPR. From the analysis of the formal records of the COMCAR and CMPC meetings, as well as in the legislation and internal regulations, it was possible to determine similarities and differences between the models, which helped in the analysis of the cases and, consequently, in the elaboration of the conclusions of the research work. Finally, the present study concludes that Carnival is a CPR and that the movements of "nationalizing" and "privatizing" carried out over time did not respond satisfactorily to the need for mediation of interests and conflicts related to Carnival, specially between economic interests and the need of preserving the event`s cultural characteristics. Another conclusion of the present study is the importance of the Councils for the management of Carnival, as CPR, since the verified records indicated that these are weakened in the face of the important role they can play in an internal model of governance of a CPR, such as Carnival.