Múltiplas accountabilities e a capacidade de responsabilização nas organizações policiais

Abstract

The aim of this research was to examine how countabilities conflicts affect the accountability capacity of public security agents in the context of multiple accountabilities. To this end, a sample of 525 cases of military police officers dismissed by the corporation was used, which constitutes a confidential and unprecedented database, in the period between 2005 and 2019, and 79 lawsuits filed by the Court of Justice of one of the entities of the federation. With variables associated to organizational dynamics (specialization), characteristics of the accusation (social norms, social pressure and complexity) and the profile of the accused (accumulated experience) involved, the research carried out descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, aiming to understand the phenomenon through the Probit model. In addition to the quantitative part, the content of the interviews carried out with lawyers, prosecutors, magistrates and judges who dealt with the judicial processes specified above was also explored, in order to complement the results of the regression. So, three factors were identified that reduce the conflict with the second instance and increase the accountability capacity of the public agent and one factor that increases the conflict and makes accountability difficult. The choice of specialized commissions is associated with increased accountability capacity of public security agents, since there is a greater chance of correctly conducting the prosecution process. Some deviant practices, such as "homicide", "robbery", "military crimes" and "sexual crimes", carried out by military police officers are among the factors associated with a reduction in the likelihood of reintegration, indicating that the corporation can be more rigid in the investigation of these crimes, which increases the capacity for accountability of the accused . Complex cases involving multiple accusations despite being associated with greater difficulty in investigations both on the part of the police internal affairs departments as well as by the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Court of Justice do not favor the emergence of accountability conflicts between the second instance and the internal affairs department, not affecting the accountability capacity of the military police officers. The social pressure exerted by the media when conveying and providing transparency to the crimes of the accused is associated with the worsening of the performance of internal affairs and contributes to the reintegration of public agents, given that this pressure may be associated with the poor conduct of the accusatory process and impairs the organization's accountability capacity. The findings also signaled that the specialized forums (internal affairs, prosecutors and the audit branch) have more convergent decisions regarding the dismissal of security agents, however, the same does not occur between these arrangements and the decisions of the civil chambers of the Court of Justice. Finally, it can be said that the accountabilities conflicts that arise in the military police scope are due to different issues: different objectives/different demands, informational asymmetry and different conceptions of accountability (responsibility and responsiveness) among public agencies. These henomena affect the capacity for accountability in the police accountability system, as they lead to the reintegration of military police officers.