Temporalidade na administração política no Brasil: da contribuição conceitual a uma proposição de análise a partir do orçamento público

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the definition of the principle of temporality within the field of political administration, as an instrument capable of identifying administrative continuities and ruptures from the perspective of the public budget as a privileged space of analysis. This is an essentially theoretical thesis that seeks to advance in the explicitness of concepts capable of strengthening the identity of the field of administrative theories. This understanding was developed in light of the methodological conception that guides the discussions provoked by political administration and its foundations, recognizing the path taken and the influences of other fields of scientific thought in its formulation. The research is also based on perceptions about the theories of public finances and the understanding of how government conduct has been established in the face of economic and social problems. The methodological choices of this thesis prioritized techniques and strategies of the qualitative approach, through the problematizing review proposed by Alvesson and Sandberg (2020); in the second stage, as a strategy for constructing a concept, we opted for the methodological reference of the classical concepts of Giovani Sartori (1970). Indeed, it was found among the consulted literature that, although the studies have started from different theoretical foundations and had their empirical analyses based on varied historical experiences, it is possible to observe a number of common variables and an approximation between the highlighted categories, indicating a convergence that enables the identification of a main common core about temporality. Seeking to recognize a space where measures that extrapolate intentions over time become effective, we start from the understanding that not all governments are the same and the budget is the main arena where such differences are revealed, despite the fact that Brazilian political administration has undergone a process of institutional transformation, guided predominantly by the vision of the neoliberal paradigm, where the central reference of economic policies tends to prioritize fiscal adjustment; even with the ideal scheme provided by the legal norm that seeks to impose limitations on the discretion of the political administrator. It is precisely in this space where measures that extrapolate intentions over time become effective. In light of the above, it is believed that this work may contribute theoretically to the expansion of the concept of temporality and the application of this category in discussions within the context of political administration. To this end, we highlight the interpretative capacity provided by the classification of temporal horizons between the theoretical and bureaucratic dimensions, and the respective indicators highlighted in the structure of analysis, namely: i) practical sphere; ii) contextual determinants; iii) patterns of political administration; iv) desirable goals; and v) subsidies for future planning. Given this initiative, it is hoped to contribute to the understanding of the modes of production and reproduction of the system, and from there to foster the debate regarding a (re)definition of the circulation and distribution processes in favor of a Nation Project.