Appalachian spring: política e poder na dança

Abstract

Relationships between the art of dance, politics and power are identified and discussed in this survey. It is proposed that the relationship between work on dance and nationalist policy with the narrative of a national culture and (re) assertion of a national identity, is an ideological construction. It is understood that a work of dance, which deals with the nation's past, triggers a representational strategy of narrative of culture. This is an operation that spans into political and power implications. These statements are illustrated through choreographic work study entitled Appalachian Spring, created in 1944 by Martha Graham, choreographer taken as the main pioneer of the called American modern dance. Examined were the aspects of the work in question that relates to American characteristics of national identity. The reason for choosing this work as a case study is based on the fact that Appalachian Spring was commissioned by the American Government in the 1940s, when the United States were in a strong crisis of social, political and economical, derived from the so-called "Great Depression” of the 1930s, where nation and political power needed to reaffirm their national identity. This was the last dance from the Americana period (1934-1944) which Graham worked with nationalistic themes. To perform this exploratory nature search, three steps were processed: a survey of video records, a bibliographical survey and analysis of data. The issues of national identity, nationalist politics and power relationships were analyzed from studies of Stuart Hall, Louis Althusser, Nestor García Canclini, Zygmunt Bauman, Terry Eagleton, among others. Mark Franko, Helen Thomas and Ellen Graff studies were important references to understand American dance production of the studied period and its relationship with nationalist policy issues and power. About Martha Graham, biographies written by Don McDonagh, Agnes de Mille, Trude Garfunkel and autobiography of the choreographer entitled "Blood Memories” were used. In addition to documents such as photos, interviews, reviews, and other studies, the registered video record in black and white, dated 1958, was chosen – instead of 1976 registry in color - as a basis for the analysis of the case, by relying on the choreographer in cast, what does imply be a record more reliable of the technique and style of the choreographer. The survey revealed that Appalachian Spring presents aspects in its configuration for narrative of the nation and the American national identity through the reaffirmation of the national culture. In addition, it has the power to raise nationalistic in audience by the power of interpellation.