Análise físico-química e histomorfométrica do compósito pseudo-wollastonita e β-fosfato tricálcico em diferentes concentrações após implantação in vivo para regeneração óssea

Abstract

Objective – To evaluate, after in vivo implantation in critical bone defect in rat calvaria, the osteogenic behavior of a composite consisting of different concentrations of p-wollastonite and tricalcium β-phosphate for application in bone tissue bioengineering. Materials and methods – The sample consisted of 40 adult Male Wistar rats randomly distributed to compose four groups, with five animals in each group, evaluated at 15 and 45 days after composite implantation: Group 20/80 – critical bone defect filled with composite granules 20% pwollastonite and 80% tricalcium β-phosphate; Group 60/40 - critical bone defect filled with composite granules 60% p-wollastonite and 40% tricalcium β-phosphate; Group 80/20 - critical bone defect filled with composite granules 80% p-wollastonite and 20% tricalcium βphosphate; Control group - critical bone defect filled with clot. Results – Histological analysis showed bone neoformation restricted to the edges of the bone defect in all experimental groups at 15 days. Histomorphometry showed that groups 20/80, 60/40 and 80/20 and the control group formed similar percentages of bone neoformation at 15 days. At 45 days, the 60/40 group presented 65% bone neoformation. Fibrous septa was formation penetrating the biomaterial particles in all groups. In addition, the bone defect was filled in several layers of granules at both biological points. Conclusion – Composites consisting of different concentrations of p-wollastonite and tricalcium β-phosphate can be considered bioactive and biocompatible. Among the experimental groups group 60/40 presented higher percentages of bone neoformation and allowed to restore bone thickness and volume with dimensions similar to the edges of the calvaria of the animal.