Elementos avaliativos de políticas públicas na implementação do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil nos institutos federais brasileiros

Abstract

In Brazil, with the rise in students enrolling in higher education, the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES) was instituted as a strategy to assist students from the federal level in order to democratize the access and permanence of the most socioeconomically vulnerable. In 2008 the Federal Institutes (IFs) were created aiming the enhancement of education that supports the social development of the country. Despite the establishment of the program through Decree nº. 7.234 in 2010, it was found that there are open gaps for investigations in the evaluation of public policies with multiple approaches, as well as on the evaluation of the implementation of the PNAES in the IFs between 2008 and 2019. The importance of evaluating the moment of implementation refers to the analysis of the functioning and execution of the policy still in progress proposing the application of corrective actions and improvements on its management if required. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to identify the main elements of the evaluation of the implementation of public policy in the light of multiple approaches to support the PNAES in the Brazilian IFs. The methodology is classified as qualitative with some quantitative data in the description of results classified as a descriptive and exploratory nature. The research was structured in three distinct and complementary phases. The first phase adopted the techniques of systematic literature review with 29 works such as articles, dissertations, and theses. The document analysis consists of 16 government documents and 64 documents provided by the IFs. In the next phase, 33 questionnaires were answered by public managers in the student assistance area of 38 Institutes, while in the third phase, semi-structured interviews were applied to 21 frontline managers (executors) and students who benefited from the program at 14 IFs. The triangulation of sources and data results was carried out with a treatment of content analysis utilizing software such as Atlas.ti and Orange. As a result of this research the analytical dimensions of the evaluation were observed in a theoretical-empirical method with the execution of the analytical model as content of the formulation, context, implementation process, resources, social actors involved and reach. The interrelationships between the analytical dimensions were present and representative during the research. In addition, it is clear how these dimensions are connected, which suggests a systematic and plural evaluation. An operationalization was built as a tutorial, which seeks to add to the managers and executors of the PNAES in the conception of the evaluation of the implementation in the six stages: (i) planning of the evaluation of the implementation; (ii) definition of criteria; (iii) definition of techniques and instruments; (iv) collect and analyze the results; (v) preparation and dissemination of the final report; (vi) action plan and general recommendations. That said, the use of the results obtained in this research through its elements, questions and evaluative categories related to these analytical dimensions can reach researchers, governments, managers, implementers, students and sponsors as well as other groups interested in evaluating the implementation of the PNAES in the light of multiple approaches.