Gravidade de periodontite e síndrome metabólica em adultos assistidos em unidades de saúde em Salvador-Bahia

Abstract

This work aimed to study the association between levels of periodontitis severity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. For this, two studies were conducted: a systematic review with meta-analysis and a cross-sectional study in adults assisted by public health services. The systematic review included 14 articles (24,567 participants). The studies underwent methodological evaluation using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Summary measures (aggregate odds ratio) were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird method, in addition to performing sensitivity, subgroup and meta regression analysis. Individuals with moderate periodontitis had a higher overall Odds Ratio (adjusted OR= 1.16; CI: 95%= 2.10-5.37; p<0.001), while the OR for severe periodontitis was 1.47 (CI: 95%=1.24-1.69; p<0.001). For the cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire, oral and anthropometric assessment of the participants was applied. The diagnoses of periodontitis and MetS were established based on two criteria consolidated in the scientific literature. To compare the frequencies of MetS according to the variables, Pearson's and/or Fischer's chi-square test was used, with a p value of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted OR. The OR measures were converted into Prevalence Ratio measures using the Poisson model with robust variance, adjusted and controlled. A total of 259 subjects with a mean age of 53.2 years participated in the study. The occurrence of MS was observed in at least 40% of the individuals, depending on the criterion used. In both criteria for periodontitis, moderate periodontitis was more frequent. There was a positive association between severe periodontitis and MetS both in the crude assessment (OR=1.57; CI: 95%=1.06-2.31; p< 0.05) and in the adjusted assessment (OR=1.58; CI: : 95%=1.01-2.49; p<0.05). The results of this work indicate a positive and gradual association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome.