Estudo observacional de corte transversal sobre fatores de risco para tromboembolismo venoso e uso de profilaxia em pacientes em home care

Abstract

Cross-sectional observational study on risk factors for venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis use in home care patients. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is characterized as a vascular impairment that includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT), symptomatic or asymptomatic, and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), its most serious complication. VTE is the third cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, affecting hospitalized clinical patients and subgroups of chronically ill patients, but avoidable with the correct use of prophylaxis. Previous history of VTE, advanced age, respiratory failure and infections are some of the numerous risk factors, these being potentiated by immobilization. Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients in home hospitalization (HH) as the reduction of mobility as RF for VTE, the presence of other RF for VTE and the use of VTE prophylaxis in patients of the HH service of the Jorge Valente Hospital in Salvador. Methodology: Observational cross-sectional study on Jorge Valente Hospital HH patients. The data obtained for the review of medical records were de-identified and researchers did not have any direct contact with patients or interference in medical conducts. Results: 41 adult patients were analyzed, with average age of age 67 years ± 15.2 years, where 51% were female. The diagnoses for hospitalization were: 51% for infection for administration of antibiotic therapy, 36.8% for neurological diseases, 9.8% for clinical geriatric patients and 2.4% for chronic respiratory failure. Mobility reduced in 80% of patients, 68.2% in indication of thromboprophylaxis and 26.8% in use. Conclusion: The study population is mainly elderly (carrying chronic-degenerative diseases) and with several risk factor for VTE, especially immobility and infections. A large discrepancy was observed between indication and use of thromboprophylaxis, making it necessary to create algorithms and guidelines for health professionals in order to optimise the use/indication of thromboprophylaxis in this population.