Crescimento e neurodesenvolvimento de crianças com a Síndrome da Zika Congênita (Salvador - Bahia)

Abstract

Background: After Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil and around the world in 2015, it started efforts to prevent, diagnosis new cases and treat children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) that was infected during intrauterine development. Methods: Based on a case-control study, it was evaluated the growth and neurodevelopment of 126 children (42 children wtih CZS, out of 22 cases of microcephaly), borned at a hospital in Salvador - Bahia, during ZIKV outbreak. In addition, based on a cross-section study, it was assessed the predictive factors associated with risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities among CZS cases. Results: There was a statistically significant results in the measures of weight and height of the group with microcephaly, which showed lower weight (median = -1.06, IQR = -2.9, 1.01) and lower stature (median = -1.18 ; IQR=-2,93 , -0,05) than controls (Mean weight = 0.23, IQR = -0.38, 1.36), and median height = -0.16, IQR = - 0.75, 0.53). It was also observed a greater significant frequency of children with microcephaly with an overall risk of developmental delay (p-value <0.05). For the cases of SZC without microcephaly, there was only a significant difference in risk in cognitive and motor gross neurodevelopment (p-value = 0.009 and 0.004 respectively). Factors such as microcephaly and low birth weight are related to the overall risk of neurodevelopmental disorder among children with SZC, with prevalence ratios higher than 2.57 (95% CI: 1.16 - 5.68) and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.13 - 3.54) respectively. Conclusions: After analysis, a possible neurodevelopmental delay and growth disorders associated with CZS was detected, specially among cases with microcephaly. Therefore, it is recommended that children with a history or suspicion of congenital Zika virus infection be following up closely by multidisciplinary care, particularly in the first two years of life.