Características das alterações neuroanatômicas na síndrome congênita associada à infecção pelo Zika vírus

Abstract

Characteristics of neuroanatomic alterations in congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection. The number of microcephaly cases attributable to congenital infection by the Zika virus has increased exponentially since 2015, when it was identified, the virus in amniotic fluid of pregnant women with a history of exanthematous disease during pregnancy. Although the alarm signal to identify the epidemic of congenital defects associated with perinatal infection by the Zika virus has been microcephaly, neuroimaging studies have pointed out several neuroanatomical changes, whereas clinical follow-up studies have shown the occurrence of neuropsychomotor development delay. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the neuroanatomic changes present in congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in children participating in the project "Effects of congenital neurological manifestations associated with Zika virus on child cognitive development: a prospective cohort study in the context of Primary Care , in Salvador-BA ". This is a quantitative, descriptive, individuated, cross-sectional study whose data are the result of the epidemiological investigation conducted by the Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance (CIEVS) from the suspected cases of congenital infection by the Zika virus reported . It was identified that the most frequent neuroanatomic alterations were, respectively, cerebral calcifications and ventriculomegaly. There was a tendency of co-occurrence between the alterations, being this relation statistically significant. A greater number of neuroanatomical alterations were observed in children with unfavorable neonatal outcomes, such as prematurity, low weight, severe microcephaly and arthrogryposis, and among those daughters of mothers with some deleterious disease or habit during the gestational period, as well as with reports of occurrence of rash in the first trimester. Microcephaly was present in most of the children in this study, with a significant percentage of severe microcephaly. Among children without microcephaly, an expressive number presented alterations in neuroimaging exams. The cephalic perimeter was not related to the number of alterations.