Via metropolitana: dinâmica da cobertura e uso da terra após implantação em Lauro de Freitas, Camaçari e Salvador - Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

This research presents an analysis of changes in land cover and land use as of the construction of the Metropolitan Road, by mapping in the years 2009, 2017, 2018 and 2020, at a scale of 1:50.000, in Lauro de Freitas, Salvador and Camaçari, in the State of Bahia. Seven classes of level I of land cover and land use, thirteen level II, and twenty-six level III were identified and mapped through Remote Sensing data and digital image processing techniques, including visual interpretation of orthophotos and supervised classification of satellite images, as well as fieldwork. Regarding the changes, the land cover and land use classes of level I stand out the expansion of urbanized areas and cultivated land, and also the reduction of areas with forestry and pioneer formation. Based on the analysis inside and outside the buffer area of 500 meters on each side of the road, the forest formation class has a greater proportion in the internal area, and the urbanized area class has a smaller area throughout the analyzed period, illustrating a slower pace in the reduction of the forest formation class and in the expansion of the urbanized area class within the buffer area. In the buffer circles with a radius of 500 meters, it was statistically identified that there was a difference between the patterns of increase of urbanized area class for the circles where the Metropolitan Road did and did not intersect with other roads. Moreover, there was no difference regarding the forest formation and cultivated area classes, demonstrating the importance of mobility provided by intersections between roads for the increase of urbanized areas. Comparing the surface temperature estimate and the land cover and land use, the increases occurred in areas where the urban area class underwent expansions over the analyzed period. In the analysis of land cover and land use with the permanent preservation areas of springs and watercourses, there was an advance over urban area, cultivated area, exposed soil and mining area classes. Based on the landscape metrics, the fragmentation and reduction of the class of forest and pioneer formation was confirmed after the construction of the road. After verifying federal and state laws, decrees, resolutions, and even the master plan for municipal or urban development, it was noted that there are many legal apparatuses to be applied in the territory for ordering, planning, management, and preservation of environmental resources. However, many of these instruments are sometimes not integrated and at the municipal level there is a stimulus for urban expansion. The result of this research reveals a diagnosis of the transformations through an 11-year period along the Metropolitan Road considering the natural resources in the municipalities, especially in areas of permanent preservation which can and should be used in territorial and environmental planning, in order to assist future development and conservation projects.