Agrotóxicos na agricultura transgênica e seus efeitos à saúde da população: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Background: Agricultural production in Brazil is based on monocultures for export that are intensive in mechanized technologies and in the use of agrochemicals. The country has become the world's leading consumer of pesticides in recent years consuming million tons and is rated as a very promising market. The present study aims to analyze and identify harmful effects on the health of the population due to the use of agrochemicals applied in transgenic agriculture, especially in soybean. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature in which articles published in the period between 1998 and 2015 were selected in virtual journals of national and international databases, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in databases indexed in the Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed, and VHL. Results: A total of 721 studies were found, of which 14 were selected after application of the criteria. Among the main results, the study presents data on the consumption of pesticides and the toxicity of these products with their aggravations and damages to the population, as well as strategies for prevention and health promotion. The main aggravations resulting from chronic intoxication; Idiopathic Parkinson's disease, increased risk of arrhythmias and cancers related to hormones, including breast, thyroid and ovary. Conclusion: The pesticides are a problem to be considered in public health. This review indicated a shortage of studies conducted in Brazil, revealing the need for further studies on the subject. The severity of the risks demand and the implementation of direct actions of education and better use of PPE's, awareness of the population on the risks of the use of agrochemicals and stricter laws regarding the use and release and commercialization of agrochemicals.