A economia do compartilhamento: um paradigma ou um novo ciclo capitalista?

Abstract

This work aims to analyse the phenomenon of the Sharing Economy (SE) in order to identify how it´s related to the society and the capitalism. About the role of the practices called Sharing Economy and it´s relation with the society and capitalism, at first we identify 02 different paths: SE would be an economy that goes beyond markets, constituting a new paradigm, no longer the current modern capitalism or SE would be an innovative proposal, but still capitalist, constituting a new cycle in the same system? Considering the need found in identify the role of SE and the 02 possible paths, this work is guided by the question: Would SE be, from the perspective of the main works published in the field, a paradigm or a new capitalist cycle? Our main goal is to characterize the SE, from the perspective of the main works published in the field, as a paradigm or a new capitalist cycle. Guided by the general objective, the specific objectives are: (1) Create a conceptual framework for SE (2) Identify and discuss the main research approaches in which SE has been published; (3) discuss the evidence found in publications that point to SE as a new paradigm or a new cycle. In order to answer the general and specific objectives, the work performs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), first creating a conceptual framework that covered the main concepts worked by the authors of the field. After established the conceptual framework, this thesis categorized the main publication, according to each approach, finding: A business model that generates value and profit; moralization of the economy in businesses whose relationships migrate from ownership to access; conceptual discussion of the SE; aspects of regulation; sustainable model of business in a changing society; a new business format and the ways of work. Once the publications were categorized, it was established the relation with current works, that deals with possible paths of society and the capitalism, represented here mainly by Chesnais (2017), Harvey (2011, 2014) and Dowbor (2017). When related the works published in the field to the studies in question, there is a tendency to consider SE as a possible new capitalist cycle, in which there is a change in society, in market relations and in lifestyles. Those changes, however, maintains the logic of accumulation and extraction of value, elements that consist of the basis of capitalism.