Dois sistemas de proteção social: Alemanha e Brasil em perspectiva comparada

Abstract

The objective of this dissertation is to compare the German and Brazilian social protection system in the light of the typology of the three welfare state regimes developed by the Danish author Esping-Andersen. The analysis highlighted the differences and similarities between the German and Brazilian social protection systems. The path chosen was the examination of the historical-political trajectory, to understand the explanatory causes of the emergence and development of each social protection system. For this, three main variables were listed, of a qualitative-quantitative nature: decommodification, stratification, and defamiliarization, which provided the methodological instrument for the analysis of social protection systems, especially in the social security system, social assistance, health, and labor policies. It was observed that the two countries adopt a predominantly conservative system, based on a contributory security system. Despite the temporal difference, social protection systems reveal similarities in the phase of the emergence of social policies. The differences are evident in the consolidation phase, when Germany developed a comprehensive conservative welfare state with "almost universal" characteristics, protecting its citizens from the greatest risks at relatively high levels. In contrast, in Brazil a conservative system was established, based on regulated citizenship, subordinated to the interests of the market, with highly liberal traits. This research also revealed that a specific characteristic of the Brazilian social protection system are high rates of informality and the high degree of familiarity.