Exact solutions of Brans–Dicke cosmology with decaying vacuum density

Abstract

We investigate cosmological solutions of Brans–Dicke theory with both the vacuum energy density and the gravitational constant decaying linearly with the Hubble parameter. A particular class of them, with a constant deceleration factor, sheds light on the cosmological constant problems, leading to a presently small vacuum term, and to a constant ratio between the vacuum and matter energy densities. By fixing the only free parameter of these solutions, we obtain cosmological parameters in accordance with observations of both the relative matter density and the universe age. In addition, we have three other solutions, with Brans–Dicke parameter ω = −1 and negative cosmological term, two of them with a future singularity of big-rip type. Although interesting from the theoretical point of view, two of them are not in agreement with the observed universe. The third one leads, in the limit of large times, to a constant relative matter density, being also a possible solution to the cosmic coincidence problem.