Resumo:
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and periodontal
inflammation. To this end, two studies were conducted: a systematic review with meta-analysis
to assess whether obesity interferes with the control of clinical periodontal parameters after
periodontal treatment, and a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between obesity
and periodontal inflammation in users of public health services. The systematic review included
14 articles submitted to methodological quality assessment using the ROBBINS-1 tool, which
presented a low to moderate risk of bias. The findings of the qualitative assessment of the
studies showed that there was an improvement in clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters
in all investigations for obese and non-obese individuals after non-surgical periodontal
treatment. The meta-analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences
between obese and non-obese individuals for the percentages of probing depth and clinical
attachment level between 4 and 6 mm after three months of periodontal therapy. For the crosssectional study, all the subjects underwent a periodontal examination, had anthropometric
measurements taken and answered a questionnaire containing information on their
socioeconomic status, health and lifestyle. Excess body weight was defined using the Body
Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) criteria of the International Diabetes
Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III
(NCEP-ATP-III) criteria. Periodontal inflammation was quantified using Periodontal Inflamed
Surface Area (PISA) values with a cut-off point of ≥191mm². The measure of association was
obtained by Poisson regression analysis with robust variance, adjusted and controlled. The
results indicated poor oral conditions among obese individuals and the association between
obesity and periodontal inflammation was statistically significant for the obesity criterion
according to NCEP-ATP-III (PR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.04-1.41, p=0.01), after adjusting for gender,
age, schooling and hypertension. The results of this investigation indicate the influence of
obesity on the control of periodontal inflammation.
