Análise de indicadores de comércio das matrizes EORA MRIO para países da América Latina

Abstract

This dissertation aims to identify the patterns of dependence on imported intermediate inputs by Latin American countries, considering their participation in Global Value Chains (GVCs). To achieve this objective, value-added trade indicators from the United Nations EORA MRIO interregional trade matrices for countries in the region from 1990 to 2018 are analyzed. The main indicators examined include the degree of participation of 19 Latin American countries in GVCs, Value Added (VA), and its disaggregated components (DVA, DVX, FVA). The research methodology involves decomposing gross exports in terms of value-added and generating complex trade network indicators. Within the GVC context, this dissertation explores the theory of vertical specialization, highlighting how global production fragmentation influences the insertion of Latin American countries into specific production stages, often relying on imported inputs to produce final goods for export. The 19 analyzed countries are selected based on their GDP size in 2019 relative to the region, namely Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The results indicate a decline in trade integration among these economies and a reduction in their regional GVC participation in Latin America.