Tempo de exposição a televisão e cama compartilhada: prevalência e fatores associados em crianças aos 12 e 24 meses residentes no município de Vitória da Conquista - Bahia.

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to identify the prevalence of bed-sharing and associated factors in children in the first year of life (Article 1) and the prevalence of television exposure time and associated factors in children in the second year of life (Article 2). This is a crosssectional study nested in a prospective cohort entitled “Monitoring of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in children under two years of age living in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia”, carried out from February 2017 to November 2019 with mothers and babies. Data collection initially took place in maternity hospitals and, subsequently, at 30 days, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months of age of the children through home visits with the application of questionnaires. For article 1, socioeconomic, maternal, paternal and gestational information collected in the maternity interview; variables related to the child and maternal information from the 12-month interview were used. For article 2, socioeconomic, maternal, family and child information collected in the maternity interview were used; variables related to the child and maternal information from the 24-month interview. Descriptive analyses were performed using absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. Differences between proportions were assessed using Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Analyses of factors associated with bed-sharing and time spent watching television were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. In the first article, the frequency of bed-sharing was 53.6%. The practice of bed sharing was higher in children who were breastfeeding ((PR=1.49; 95%CI = 1.17 - 1.89); p=0.001) and whose mothers considered that the child's sleep interfered with their well-being (PR=1.28; 95%CI = 1.02 - 1.60; p=0.032). Family income between 1-2 minimum wages (PR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.52 - 0.97; p=0.030), paternal age between 20-34 years (PR = 0.61; 95%CI = 0.50 - 0.73; p<0.001) and ≥ 35 years (PR = 0.56; 95%CI = 0.43 - 72; p<0.001); mother working outside the home (PR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.55 - 0.95; p=0.019) and having a partner (PR = 0.74; 95%CI = 0.57 - 0.92; p=0.030) showed lower prevalence of bed sharing. In the second article, the prevalence of television exposure time equal to or greater than 1 hour was 62.6%. The factors associated with this exposure time were higher family income (PR=1,34; 95%CI = 0,99- 1,82; p=0.058) and higher paternal education (PR=1,40; 95%CI = 1,04-1,89; p=0.027). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the prevalence of bed sharing at 12 months of age is high. It is also concluded that the children in the present study had a higher time of television exposure than recommended for their age. Therefore, it is important to plan and implement health promotion actions, with a view to the recommendations provided by health professionals, since the knowledge of parents and family members is necessary and relevant, as they exercise greater control over their children's life and health behaviors.