Prevalência e fatores associados à Síndrome de Burnout em fisioterapeutas que atuam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Physiotherapy is the science that studies, prevents and treats functional kinetic disorders, and is included in the most diverse levels of health care, from primary care to the treatment of critical patients. Physiotherapists have been inserted in this critical context since the 1970s, especially in 2010, when the Resolution of the Collegiate Board (RDC-07/2010) regulated the mandatory presence of physiotherapists in the ICU. The emergence of psychological and/or physical illnesses related to work performance in physiotherapists and other health professionals has become increasingly common. These illnesses have been categorized as Burnout Syndrome, which is characterized by symptoms of stress, mental and physical exhaustion and insomnia as a result from stressful situations. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with Burnout Syndrome in physiotherapists working in ICUs nationwide. Materials and methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, carried out through an online questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions developed by the researchers and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to characterize Burnout Syndrome. Results: 592 physiotherapists working in ICUs answered the questionnaire in full, the majority of whom were female (63.7%) with an avarege age of 34.8 ± 6.8 years, married (46.5%), work predominantly in Bahia (46.1%), studied at a private college (75.8%), have a specialist title issued by the professional council (61.8%), work in a public hospital (70.8%) and in a general intensive care unit (76.5%), have as their main work regime the consolidations of labor laws (70.9%) and participate in scientific events frequently (69.9%). Ninety-five (16%) were characterized with Burnout Syndrome and the factors that were independently associated with this characterization were moving tothe South, Southeast, snd Central-West region, working in a public hospital, working exclusively in patient care and working in a surgical intensive care unit. On the other hand, working in a pediatric intensive care unit was related to the nondevelopment of the syndrome. Conclusion: The physiotherapists who work in intensive care units in Brazil are young, married and almost all have some training after graduation. A small portion was characterized with Burnout Syndrome when the three domains of the instrument used were analyzed. However, when two domains are isolated, there is a greater risk of these professionals developing the syndrome.