Subsídios para a construção de exercícios de solfejos: critérios para o desenvolvimento de algoritmos de ordenação de melodias tonais, em sistemas autônomos do meio multimídia

Abstract

This thesis presents an exploratory study on the complex relationship between humans and machines in the teaching and learning of solfeggio, mediated by Information and Communication Technologies. A fundamental part of this complexity can be observed in the experiences of the Bachelor of Music program at UFRGS and Partner Universities (PROLICENMUS), in the Distance Education modality, during the application of the Adult Musicalization through Voice Method. The correction of solfeggio exercises was carried out based on videos recorded by students and sent to the university for individual assessment, making the task exhausting for evaluators and resulting in a delayed feedback process that hindered student learning. The general objective of the research was to provide subsidies for the creation of an automatic solfeggio correction tool. To this end, a bibliographic review was conducted on key aspects of solfeggio teaching in Brazil and worldwide, as well as an analysis of the general conditions of learning through multimedia resources and different types of virtual learning environments. Subsequently, compositional processes of didactic melodies were developed, organized in increasing complexity for solfeggio evaluation, along with the construction of a tool considered appropriate for implementing an online solfeggio questionnaire. The tool was evaluated by a focus group composed of specialists in musical perception and composition, aiming to generate ideas and foster discussions on the collected data. The discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Discursive Textual Analysis and were later compared with the data obtained from the State of the Art review. The results indicate that certain criteria must be considered for the development of algorithms that enable the presentation of melodic musical structures identified as similar, supporting the progression of learning. The study provides subsidies for the creation of an automatic solfeggio correction tool, contributing to the optimization of this process.