Relação entre a prevalência de sarcopenia e desfechos clínicos de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de grande porte: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: The nutritional status of individuals, especially those diagnosed with sarcopenia, undergoing surgery can have a considerable impact on their prognosis, considering that sarcopenia is associated with functional decline and morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study is to review the prevalence of sarcopenia and the clinical outcome of patients undergoing major surgery. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, carried out through articles indexed in the electronic scientific databases PubMed, CAPES periodicals and Web of Science, in which articles in Portuguese and English published in full, with full access, published from 2015 to 2024 were selected, using the following descriptors: sarcopenia, nutritional status, prevalence, general surgery, general surgery, prevalence and the Boolean operator “AND”. Results: The combination of research methods resulted in 978 scientific articles. Of these, a total of 06 articles were included in this integrative review, considering the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients undergoing major surgeries is frequent, being associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications and mortality. Males are the most prevalent and the mean age was over 60 years in most studies. Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a significant predictor of worse clinical outcomes, especially postoperative complications and mortality. Preoperative assessment of sarcopenia can help surgeons identify at-risk patients, critically balance eligibility, and refine perioperative management.