A cadeia de valor do setor automobilístico no Brasil no período da política de conteúdo local e no contexto das cadeias globais de valor (2000-2018)

Abstract

An intense process of globalization, shaped by profound changes in trade, production and investments, has marked the world economy since the 1980s, whose offshore and outsourcing opportunities were notable for the possibilities of insertion, participation and industrial updating of developing countries in the Chains. Global Values (GVCs). This implied new approaches to industrial policy and state intervention. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the structure and functioning of the Brazilian automobile industry, and from then on to discuss the viability of measures of a local content (LC) nature to strengthen the national auto parts sector in the movement of GVCs. It is understood that this viability of the content policy involves its effectiveness on the ownership of national capital, supported by an effort to build competences, without which the construction of a local supply chain is compromised in its updating and gains in participation in the CGV, even running the risk of being “locked in” to low value-added segments. Thus, it was supported as a hypothesis the fact that industrial policy measures such as those of CL must be viable for the development and strengthening of the Brazilian automotive supply chain; however, the lack of policy emphasis and strategy regarding ownership of national capital (combined with the effort to build capacity) weakened the likelihood of building a more integrated, more participatory, and up-to-date local supply chain in value chains (regional and global). For this purpose, OECD added value (AV) measures (TiVA) were used, which were conceived based on the input-output methodological framework developed by Koopman, Wang and Wei (2014), to assess the performance of Brazil and other players, with an emphasis on China and India, between 2000-2018. The analysis of local content (LC) measures in the light of VA indicators and from the catching up pattern of technological stages, based on the Indian and Chinese automotive industries, allowed us to identify that PCL in Brazil did not contribute to the constitution of leading companies and failed to promote VA gains and functional upgrade (functional upgrade) in the local automotive chain, confirming the research hypothesis.