Avaliação das características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do pólen da Melipona scutellaris Latreille submetido a diferentes processos de desidratação

Abstract

The physical-chemical and microbiological analysis is important for quality control and standardization even in a native bee pollen. In order to verify physicalchemical composition of mineral, microbiological samples of pollen collected by bees Melipona scutellaris L.,creel were collected from 10 colonies in two instances (05/05 and 2010/2011) for crew of EBDA following the methodology proposed by the Codex Alimentarius. Material was provided by Meliponário Velho Simião, in Cajazeiras Abrantes, Camaçari, Bahia, (latitude 12 ° 48'39 .35'' S / longitude 38 ° 15'37 .19'' W) in the Atlantic Forest biome. Its climate is tropical and humid yearround temperature of 23 to 35 ° C. Experiments were performed in the laboratory of Animal Nutrition of Central Laboratory of Agriculture EBDA and LAPAAC laboratory. It was obtained the following averages for pollen in natura: 19.7% protein, 2.4% ash, 51.7% moisture, 2.76% fiber, 2.5% lipids; 1738.64 mEq kg-1 pollen titratable acidity, pH = 3.8, Aw value was 0.82. After use the techniques of drying (freeze-dryer, for the cold air flow and frost-free refrigerator) contents were found respectively 34%, 32% and 33% protein, 3.92%, 4.31% and 3.61% ash, 17%, 19% and 18% moisture, 4.03%, 3.27% and 3.20% fiber, 5.9%, 4.5%, 4.0% lipids; 1531, 84mEq kg-1 kg-1 mEq 1217.01, 1556.74 mEq kg-1 of titratable acidity, pH of 4.14, 4.28 and 4.00. Aw values for the respective drying processes were 0.15, 0.56, 0.22. The Mn was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer with graphite furnace. The minerals (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe) were analyzed by flame absorption equipment. The results in mg / kg (Mn), zinc (Zn), (Cu), (Mg), (Ca) and (Fe) were respectively 45.3, 53.7, 23.4, and 2499.8 108.1. Microbiological analyzes were performed for coliforms at 45 º C, Escherichia coli, yeasts and molds, Bacillus cereus, sulphite reducing clostridia at 46 ° C, Salmonella sp., According to APHA - American Public Health Association - 4th edition, 2001. There was no variation in results in the tested samples (fresh and freeze-dried) for coliforms at 45 º C, Escherichia coli, yeasts and molds, respectively (<3.0 MPN / g, <3.0 MPN / g and <1.0 x 102UFC / g). Bacillus cereus and sulphite reducing clostridia at 46 ° C in the lyophilized sample were respectively the values (2.2 x 103UFC/ge 1.2 x 103 CFU / g) while in the fresh sample (2.0 x 1.2 x 102UFC/ge 102UFC / g). The analyzes performed on samples dried by stream of cold air and frost-free showed the following results respectively 4.0 and <3.0 MPN / g for coliforms at 45 ° C, <3.0 and <3.0 MPN / g for Escherichia coli. 1.4 x 10 ³ CFU / g and <1.0 x 10 ² CFU / g for molds and yeasts, 3.7 and 8.0 x 10 ³ x 10 ² CFU / g for Bacillus cereus and 2.4 x and 1.1 x 10 ² 10 ³ CFU / g for Clostridium sulfite reducer 46 ° C. The samples had Salmonella. (CFU / g - Colony Forming Unit per gram, NMP / g - most probable number per gram). Statistical analysis was performed using the R program and the means compared by Tukey test at 5%. There were significant differences in the averages for the different parameters studied, except for the percentage of fibers when compared with the frost-free technique that uses cold air flow does not show significant variation. Results showed that freeze-drying technique was more efficient in the reduction of water activity and moisture as well as pollen retained high protein, fat and fiber in product. Intends to select the most affordable and effective technique for dehydration and preservation pollen Melipona scutellaris L. frost-free refrigerator is presented very effectively by the low cost of purchase before others.