Avaliação da associação entre doenças peri-implantares e fatores sistêmicos: um estudo transversal

Abstract

AIM: The present study aimed to identify the systemic factors that are associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, periodontal and periimplant clinical examination were performed on a sample of 71 volunteers. Peri-implant mucositis was defined as the presence of blending on probing in association with redness, swelling or suppuration, without bone loss. Peri-implantitis was defined as radiographic image of bone loss ≥ 3 mm or probing depth ≥ 6 mm, associated with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing. The systemic factors were evaluated by clinical examination or questionnaire and included obesity, hormone replacement therapy, osteopenia and osteoporosis, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Logistic models were applied to assess associations between peri-implant diseases and systemic factors (p≤0.05). RESULTS: Mucositis and peri-implantitis were found in 70.4% (n=50) and 15.5% (n=11) of the sample, respectively. The regression analysis showed that hormone replacement therapy decreased the risk for peri-implant mucositis (PR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.95; p =0.04), whereas systolic hypertension (PR = 4.48, 95% CI: 1.38-35.48; p = 0.01) increased the risk for peri-implantitis. The other systemic factors were not associated with peri-implant diseases. CONCLUSION: Hormone replacement therapy decreased the risk of peri-implant mucositis, whereas high systolic blood pressure increased the risk of peri-implantitis. Consequently, patients with high systolic blood pressure should be informed before implant placement and more frequently re-called for maintenance visits. While hormonal monitoring may be suggested in women with persistent peri-implant mucositis.