Percepção de pessoas idosas sobre alimentação saudável e envelhecimento

Abstract

The perception of aging among older adults is considered a good indicator of healthy aging. The aging process is complex and associated with many changes. In this context, nutrition is one of the fundamental factors for healthy aging. The objectives of this research were: General: to understand older adults' understanding of healthy eating and aging. Specific: to identify the factors related to nutrition that influence aging; to determine what dietary changes occur with aging; to identify how food is prepared during aging; and to reveal the importance of nutrition in aging. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with older adults attending a day center at a Geriatric and Gerontological Center in Salvador, Bahia. Participants were older adults aged 60 or older, lucid, globally oriented (time, space, and situation), and capable of verbal communication. The data collection was conducted using a sociodemographic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews between July and August 2024. The data were analyzed using Bardin's Content Analysis technique. This research complied with all ethical requirements, in accordance with the requirements set forth in Resolution No. 466/12. The analysis of the data enabled the understanding of the following categories: 1. Older adults' perceptions of healthy eating and aging; 2. Healthy eating and socioeconomic conditions; 3. Food preparation; 4. Changes in diet with aging; 5. Importance of healthy eating for aging. The study found that older adults perceive healthy eating as an important factor in aging. Maintaining a healthy diet establishes a relationship of prevention and health promotion for older adults. Factors such as socioeconomic conditions directly impact participants' food choices and aging processes. Given the context of rapid population aging and the need for greater training of health professionals and services, the study will contribute to a better understanding of the dietary patterns of elderly people by nutritionists, as well as by health professionals who work with this population segment.