Mudanças estruturais na economia brasileira após a abertura comercial

Abstract

This research aims to measure the structural changes that occurred in the Brazilian economy after its commercial opening from 1990 through Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) models. In order to do so, the research addresses the dynamics of the relations between structural changes and economic growth on the aspects related to the capacity of absorption and technological diffusion, as well as the factors related to the ability to respond to shocks of demand in the aggregate productive structure. The literature shows that Brazil is lagging productively and, despite the boom of the 2000s, still strongly dependent on positive external economic effects to boost its growth. Therefore, applying the SDA methodology based on the use of the Brazilian Input-Output matrices between 1990 and 2015, the aim is to verify the changes in the inter-sectoral relations of the Brazilian economy, allowing the study of the relevance of aggregate sectors in the production, impact of the final demand and technological coefficients. The results showed that the productive structure remains fragile, dependent on demand shocks for its growth and little able to incorporate and diffuse technological innovations in its creation and production processes.