Egressos do sistema prisional no Brasil e na Argentina: desafios das políticas públicas e possibilidades de cooperação no Mercosul 2015-2020

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes public policies aimed at the social reintegration of former prisoners in Brazil and Argentina between 2015 and 2020, and assesses the extent to which Mercosur can serve as a regional forum for cooperation on this issue. A qualitative and comparative approach was adopted, based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis of legislation, institutional reports, and official statistical data. In Brazil, findings reveal the absence of a mandatory and structured national policy for former prisoners, despite recent initiatives such as National Council of Justice Resolution No. 307/2019 and the implementation of Social Offices. In Argentina, policies are characterized by provincial decentralization and uneven performance of the Patronatos de Liberados, combined with fragile programs such as POSPE and Integrar. In both countries, the low effectiveness of policies is exacerbated by the lack of systematic data on releases and recidivism, as well as the social stigma that hinders reintegration into the labor market and community. The comparative analysis shows that, although there are relevant normative and institutional efforts, there remains a gap between legal frameworks and practical implementation. The study concludes that Mercosur, although it has not yet developed specific initiatives on the subject, holds potential to foster regional cooperation in social reintegration through harmonized guidelines, exchange of experiences, and strengthened human rights commitments.