Uso problemático de álcool e/ou outras drogas: efeitos subjetivos da experiência de internação em instituições de longa permanência.

Abstract

There are different care policies for people who use Psychoactive Substances (PAS). In Brazil, there is currently a coexistence between the asylum model, which is based on abstinence, and the public health model, whose main guideline is Harm Reduction. The latter, which is part of the Unified Health System, has the Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) as its main service for people who use drugs, a strategic device of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. On the other hand, from the perspective of abstinence, Therapeutic Communities (TCs) have been advancing in recent years, becoming the main space for asylum treatment. Considering this context, the main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the experience of hospitalization in nursing homes for people who use drugs. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, semi-structured interviews were carried out with six people who had experienced a period of hospitalization in at least one TC. As a method of analysis, we opted for discourse analysis (DA) based on the contributions of Michel Foucault. This research, carried out as part of a professional master's degree in Health Psychology, dialogues directly with the line of research Clinical Practices and Mental Health, and is justified by the potential to discuss and implement practices in the field of health psychology and in dialog with the national reality. In the first article presented, an integrative literature review was carried out, with TCs as the main focus of analysis. We recognized contradictory statements regarding the origin, concept, definition and functioning of TCs, as well as inaccuracies regarding standardization, health safety and the care offered. In the second article presented, we intend to carry out a theoretical-critical analysis of the discourses that circulate about people who use drugs and their relationship with neoliberal rationality. It was understood that the neoliberal context has intensified inequalities and social exclusion, also affecting the way in which policies for people who use drugs are developed. The third chapter presents the results of our research. We analyzed how the prohibitionist practices of TCs are regulated by the normalization of conduct, updating what is considered normal, desirable, moral and legal. The effects observed were the reinforcement of social practices of exclusion, silencing and stigmatization of individuals and groups who do not fit certain performance standards. Based on listening to people who have experienced hospitalization, the final product was a technical work of a didactic nature. Structured in the form of short texts, with a poetic-psychoanalytical tone, the work was made in an attempt to create what cannot be represented directly. In order to situate the technical product and indicate its didactic use, a presentation and a critical afterword have been included.