Características de cães e gatos vítimas de trauma admitidos em hospital escola veterinário da região nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Trauma represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats and constitutes the emergency challenge in veterinary medical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate probable risk factors for not survive post-trauma in dogs and cats, as well as to analyze the usefulness of hospital admission variables such as the “Animal Trauma Screening” (TTA) and “ Modified Glasgow Coma Scale ”(ECGM) scores to predict prognosis. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was carried out evaluating dogs and cats victims of trauma attended in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) in northeastern Brazil during a twelve-month period (2018-2019). The prediction of non-survival was evaluated by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. During the research 301 traumatized animals were attended, 70% (212/301) were dogs and 30% (89/301) cats. The mortality rate of animals admitted with trauma was 14%. The results of the dissertation were carried out in two chapters, outlined according to the species evaluated. For both species, blunt trauma, due to the fall, was the most prevalent, highlighting the involvement of young, intact and mixed breed males. The risk factors at the time of hospital admission statistically associated with no survival in cats were being run over (PR 4.43; 95% CI 1.8-10.4) and chest trauma (PR 3.8; 95% CI 1.7- 8.6). Cats that did not survive mostly presented hypothermia (Md 36 ° C; IIQ 34 ± 37.2; P = 0.0002). For dogs, the risk factors associated with no survival were brain vascular trauma (PR 2.9; 95% CI 1.2-6.6); chest trauma (PR 4.24; 95% CI 2.03- 8.83); pre-existing conditions (PR 2.37; 95% CI 1.16-4.83), advanced age (PR 3.04; 95% CI 1.3-11) and pale mucous membranes (PR 3.2; 95% CI 1, 62-6.5). In addition, dogs that not survive presented mostly hypothermia (Md 37.2; IIQ 36.1 ± 38.5; P = 0.0015) and high respiratory rate (Md 44; IIQ 24 ± 60; P = 0, 0230). Body temperature ≤ 37.1 ° C (AUC = 0.80) in cats was predictive of not survival, along with TTA (Cat [AUC = 0.73]; Dog [AUC = 0.87]) and ECGM (Cat [AUC = 0.66]; Dog [AUC = 0.68]) scoring systems in both species. The results of the study point to the applicability of the prognostic scales, as well as identifying which characteristics at the time of admission of the animal are risk factors for death. These findings guide future emergency approaches of traumatized dogs and cats aiming to improve their prognosis.