Padrão de incidência e análise espacial de tumor de mama em cadelas

Abstract

Studies to provide information on the geographic distribution and epidemiological data on mammary tumors in female dogs using the Geographic Information System (GIS), can be useful for the development of treatment and awareness policies. The objective was to identify socio-demographic factors associated with cancer, to trace the epidemiological profile and to assess, through geoprocessing, geographical differences in the incidence of mammary tumors in female dogs attended at HOSPMEV-UFBA in the city of Salvador-BA, in the period 2010- 2018. A retrospective study (2010 -2017) was carried out based on the analysis of electronic medical records, clinical and oncological records, as well as a prospective study (2018) based on surgical clinical care to patients from the Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Mamária (NPqOM), totaling 1,046 animals. The collected data were processed using the QGIS software, version 2.80 and maps were prepared with the distribution of canine mammary neoplasms together with the population census data. Most of the female dogs with mammary tumors were Poodle breed, with an average of 10 years of age, non-castrated, with no history of use of progestogens or episodes of pseudocyesis. Small tumors were predominant, as well as clinical staging I. Malignant mammary neoplasms represented 68.35% of cases, with Carcinoma in Mixed Tumor (41.11%) representing the most frequent histological type, as well the grade I (24.57%). Despite the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy, it was infrequent. But the analysis of the data of the animals submitted to chemotherapy revealed a relationship with the higher income of the tutors and an increase in the survival rate of the animals. The areas most affected by the distribution of mammary tumors were Barra/Pituba and Centro/Brotas, with the majority of tutors being female. Large tumors, greater malignancy and longer detection times were more frequent in the most distant areas of the Veterinary Hospital, suggesting that distance and income may be limiting factors for the search for the fastest veterinary medical service.