Projeto urbano paramétrico: análise da qualidade do ambiente urbano através da simulação numérica

Abstract

Understanding the evolution of urban design as a 'contextual construction', the search for ideal city models can be seen throughout history. At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the transformations in Europe after the world wars, this resulted in the reconstruction of various urban regions, using the premises of the Modern Movement. From the experiences with the urban plans proposed by the CIAM premises, around the 1960s, the demand arose to review the idea of urban form that was being realized, due to the results of human experience in the cities affected by modernist urbanism. From this context, some theories proposed the need to think about a 'compact' and sustainable city, looking at the efficiency of the urban experience. Allied to these circumstances, the evolution of computer simulation techniques for built urban environments has brought new methodologies for approaching urban morphology. Considering this, the objectives of this work were based on relating morphological indicators of built density, diversity of uses and physical proximity to the quality of urban form, using numerical modeling supported by algorithmic-parametric logic, exploring the potential of simulation and analysis of these indicators as support for Urban Design. To do this, a simulation methodology was applied using numerical and vector data of the built form of two urban sections, using a CAD tool associated with a visual programming interface, identifying indicators that could characterize these urban areas. This made it possible to propose scenarios that would bring these indices into acceptable ranges according to the literature, in order to promote neighborhoods with greater vitality and autonomy. This demonstrated the method's ability not only to characterize urban areas, but also to act as an effective decision-making support tool for more efficient and sustainable urban neighbourhood projects, aligning the results of building density and physical proximity to services, while also increasing the levels of mixed use. The resulting methodology has made it possible to expand the potential for interventions in existing urban environments, acting as a support tool for the construction of urban planning and legislation focused on the sustainable growth of cities, manipulating the physical form of the city to achieve these objectives.