Patrimônio Genético Natural, Introdução de Espécies Exóticas ou Geneticamente Modificadas: Formulário do Relatório Anual de Atividades Potencialmente Poluidoras e Utilizadoras de Recursos - RAPP

Abstract

Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to 10% to 15% of all species on Earth. Many of these species have important biological activities with great biotechnological potential. The use of Brazil's genetic heritage is regulated by several national and international legal provisions, with the aim of controlling and monitoring this use, combating biopiracy and trafficking, and ensuring fair distribution of profits obtained from the use of biodiversity between countries that possess biotechnology and those that hold biodiversity. One of the instruments to assist in the control and monitoring of the use of these resources is the Annual Report on Potentially Polluting and Resource-Using Activities (Rapp), an instrument of the National Environmental Policy (PNMA - Law 6,638, of 1981), instituted by Law No. 10,165, of 2000. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the form Use of Natural Genetic Heritage or Introduction of Exotic or Genetically Modified Species (Annex T) of the Annual Report on Potentially Polluting and Resource-Using Activities of Ibama and propose improvements in the data collected by the report. To this end, the standardization of this Instrument was analyzed, through the PNMA evaluation, of IN No. 22/2021, which establishes the format of the form in theory, their correlation with the Biodiversity Law, Biosafety Law and related literature; the profile of people registered in activities related to the use of Genetic Heritage in the Federal Technical Registry of Potentially Polluting and Resource-Using Activities and the records of access to Genetic Heritage in the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (Sisgen) were investigated. From this analysis, it was found that the collection of data by Rapp in relation to the use of genetic heritage has points that can be improved, to better fulfill its function of assisting in environmental control and inspection actions.