Avaliação da associação entre a fração de óxido nítrico exalada (FeNO), controle da asma e técnica de uso dos dispositivos inalatórios em indivíduos com asma

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with high morbidity and mortality, being an important public health problem. Medication administration with an adequate respiratory maneuver and an inflammation marker can be important tools in controlling asthma. Aim: to verify whether there is an association between exhaled nitric oxide levels and the technique of using inhaler devices with asthma control in individuals with asthma and to evaluate the technique of using inhaler devices in comparison to nitric oxide values and asthma control.. Methodology: crosssectional study with individuals with asthma treated at a specialized center in Salvador - BA. Sociodemographic data was collected, airway inflammation was assessed using FeNO, pulmonary function testing and questionnaires were carried out to assess asthma control, adherence to treatment and assessment of the technique for using the inhalation device. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were performed for continuous variables and relative and absolute frequencies for categorical variables. Statistical tests were carried out Student's t-test, Pearson Correlation and Chi-Square Tests. Results: FeNO values between 25 and 40 ppb (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.19-3.78; p = 0.012) and above 40 ppb (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 1 .97-6.19; p < 0.001) are associated with greater odds of partially or uncontrolled asthma and inadequate technique (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.10-3.35; p = 0.020) and errors critical inhalation technique (OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.55-5.80; p = 0.001) were also associated with greater odds of uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion: FeNO values above 25 ppb and inadequate inhalation technique or critical errors in the use of inhalation devices are associated with worse asthma control and this understanding can contribute to improving asthma management strategies.