Parâmetros assistenciais e procedimentos do sistema estomatognático e dos distúrbios da comunicação humana em um centro de terapia intensiva neurológico

Abstract

Introduction: Health care parameters are intended to guide professionals as to the number and classification of procedures over an established period of time. Procedures, on the other hand, include any specific method used for the purpose of health promotion and prevention, diagnosis or rehabilitation. In this way, auditing these processes enables the accuracy of care in order to improve service provision, build quality indices and systematize the use of resources. Purpose: To analyze the care parameters and procedures of the stomatognathic system and human communication disorders in a neurological intensive care unit of a general hospital in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Methods: An observational, longitudinal and quantitative study was carried out using secondary data provided by the speech therapy service of a general hospital in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between July 2021 and July 2023. These data were obtained by consulting the speech therapy care indicators, analyzed anonymously, aggregated, without the use of users' medical records and categorized into evaluation and rehabilitation of alterations in the stomatognathic system and human communication disorders. The SPSS statistical package was used to analyze this information, using the following tests: Fisher's Exact Test, Odds Ratio, Pearson's Chi-square test, Kendall's Tau-b correlation test. Results: Results: A total of 33,339 procedures were carried out over the period studied, with a correlation between these (p<0.05). These data refer to the neurological ICU, where it was possible to analyze a sample of 2,178 inpatients, as well as 21 speech therapy procedures present in the care indicator. Of these, the most prevalent examination was swallowing assessment, with 2,751 carried out, and in rehabilitation, language therapy, with 1,742 carried out. With regard to multi-professional procedures, 6,296 clinical managements, 4,597 team orientations, among other findings. It was also possible to identify ischemic stroke as the most prevalent medical diagnosis, which accounted for 60.3% of cases. With regard to speech therapy diagnoses, 64% of users had orofacial myofunctional disorder, 57.8% oropharyngeal dysphagia, 16.3% aphasia, 12.6% dysarthria, as well as other associated diagnoses (p<0.001). Conclusion: It can thus be concluded that there is a high demand for hospitalization in the neurological ICU, this is due to the predominance of cerebrovascular diseases. There are discrepancies between the number of procedures aimed at assessing, diagnosing and rehabilitating these users. There is also a high prevalence of SE and DCH disorders in these hospital environments.