Desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa e satisfação com a vida em mulheres e homens do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do adulto (ELSA-Brasil)

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational stress is a risk factor for the health of workers, as it can affect satisfaction with life and performance at work, in addition to being associated with physical and mental illness. Objective: To analyze the association between Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and life satisfaction, from a gender perspective, among active civil servants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 9,199 active participants in the second wave (2012 to 2014). The effort-reward imbalance was measured by the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire and Satisfaction with life was applied to the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Study covariates were: education, age, race/color, marital status, children, self-perception of health status, functional level and workload. Data were analyzed separately for women and men. Initially, descriptive analyzes of the data were performed and odds ratio (OR) were estimated through logistic regression. Stata version 12 was used. Results: Men who reported effort-reward imbalance at work were more likely to be dissatisfied with life (OR= 2.38; 95%CI: 1.93-2.93) when compared to men without ERI at work. Among women with effort-reward imbalance at work, there was a greater chance of being dissatisfied with life (OR=2.01; 95%CI: 1.68-2.39), compared to those who did not have ERI at work. Among female workers with higher functional/teaching level, an association was observed between DER and reduced satisfaction with life (OR= 2.77; 95%CI:1.90-4.04), inclusive, higher than that of female workers with higher level. functional support/médium (OR 1.71; 95%CI: 1.38- 2.12). Conclusions: Occupational stressors, measured by the ERI, are associated with dissatisfaction with life in both sexes in civil servants. Functional level stood out as an effect modifier for women, which may be related to the search for schooling and qualification of women to enter the labor market, in addition to the effort to reduce gender inequality at work.