Fatores sociodemográficos e complicações ocorridas na gestação em mulheres grávidas com doença falciforme: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The study aims to analyze sociodemographic factors and complications vaso-occlusive crisis, urinary tract infection and acute chest syndrome during pregnancy in women with Sickle Cell Disease. The method used was Integrative Literature Review (ILR) conducted by the following research question: What is the importance of sociodemographic factors in the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crisis, urinary tract infection and acute chest syndrome during pregnancy in women with Sickle Cell Disease? For this study, as it is a non-clinical research, we used the PICo strategy where the Population (P) included women with Sickle Cell Disease who were pregnant; the Phenomenon of Interest (I) are the vaso-occlusive crisis, urinary tract infection and acute chest syndrome, and the Context (Co) referred to sociodemographic factors. Data were collected from July to August 2022 through a search in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science Technology (IBCT), in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Pubmed. The following descriptors were used: “Pregnancy”, “Anemia, Sickle Cell”, “Race Factors”, “Social Class”, “Socioeconomic Factors”, “Social Support”, “Educational Status”, “Age Distribution” “Acute Chest Syndrome”, “Acute Pains”, “Urinary Tract Infections” and their correlates. Inclusion criteria were: articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish; full-text articles/theses/dissertations available for free and articles published and indexed in these databases in the years 2010-2020, with human beings. Nine studies were selected for analysis. Results: Regarding the characterization of the participants, what we found is that they are black women, who live with their partners, and most of them have low income and schooling. The analysis of the selected studies showed that ACS and vaso-occlusive crises occur mostly in black to brown women. As for UTI and race, it seems that there is no negative association. There is a lack of studies that address the relationship between social support and the occurrence of clinical complications during the pregnancy of women with SCD, as well as they do not correlate or assess differences in social classes and their occurrence. Gaps in knowledge about the sociodemographic risk characteristics and social support associated with complications of vaso-occlusive crisis, infections and acute chest syndrome in pregnancy of women with Sickle Cell Disease remain, since few studies were found. Well-designed research studies are needed to promptly address these gaps in knowledge.