Necessidades humanas básicas afetadas na pessoa idosa em cuidados paliativos: Scoping review

Abstract

Because they are constantly changing, the Basic Human Needs of the elderly person must be prioritized and met, taking into account their individuality. NHBs represent a set of dimensions of the human being, whose functions can be translated by the search for what is necessary. These can be identified in any state in which the elderly person with a chronic disease is, as well as, what is necessary can be considered from any point in space. This study aims to identify the scientific evidence on the basic human needs affected in the elderly in palliative care, through the study of systematic review of the type Scoping Review, in accordance with the recommendations proposed by theJoanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The collection and selection of the sample took place in four stages, adopting the PRISMA- ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews) method. The searches took place in six databases, namely: CINAHL, MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, Web of Science and Scopus. For the selection of the sample, the PCC strategy was adopted, inwhich P represented the target population: elderly person; C the concept of Basic Human Needs and, C representing the context of Palliative Care in different scenarios.The research corpus had 53 articles published in the years 2009 to 2019, so that the extracted data were mapped in a table as recommended by JBI and the information generated was represented in figure form with the 17 NHB evidenced. There is a predominance of NHB at the psychosocial level, with emphasis on the needs tominimize their anxiety, sadness and uncertainties present in forty-one of the analyzed articles. The results were discussed based on the theoretical contribution of NHB proposed by Wanda Horta. The perception of NHB affected in the palliative elderly person will contribute to a better care plan in assisting patients who are dying with the progression and worsening of the chronic disease. The inclusion of patients andfamily members in care planning is a strategy that leads to getting closer to health professionals, can facilitate the identification of NHB and, consequently, contribute to decision making regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, wishes regarding the process dying and even the post-mortem ritual, and improving the management of common symptoms in this worsening process.