Essa dor tem cor: uma análise interseccional no fenômeno da violência obstétrica

Abstract

Introduction: Obstetric violence affects many women and people with uterus, in unrestricted ways. Although it has already been proven that black women are the ones who experience this phenomenon the most around the world. Given the above, the theme is relevant in the context of reflection on health practices in the obstetric scenario in Brazil, and how it is guided. Since it intends to deepen the knowledge about the occurrence of the phenomenon of obstetric violence, according to the perception of those who live. Seeking to contribute in this way, to the construction of more respectful, qualified care practices, and that provide satisfaction for women and people with uterus. Objectives: This study sought to: understand women's perceptions of the phenomenon of obstetric violence in childbirth care and the interface with race and gender. Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The study was carried out in the Municipality of Salvador in the State of Bahia. The scenario of occurrence was a Public Maternity of the direct administration of the State, which provides obstetric services of low risk. Data collection took place from November 2021 to February 2022. Twenty-five women participated in this study. As a data collection instrument, a semi-structured and structured interview script was used, where the interview combined open and closed questions. The participants' speeches were recorded, after signing the Informed Consent Term, and transcribed. To structure the analysis of the speeches, the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin was used. The concept of social markers and the epistemology of intersectionality were used to guide the analysis of the information. The participants in this research were between 16 and 24 years old, all participants declared themselves to be of black race/color, most of them carry out unpaid activities and had completed high school. Results: Thematic units emerged, which were grouped into four categories, where it was possible to understand the phenomenon of obstetric violence from the perception presented by the interviewees. Women attributed obstetric violence to a series of conditions considered degrading, humiliating, disrespectful and abusive. Associating its occurrence with gender and social class, most women in this study were not able to relate the interaction between obstetric violence and racism. The women pointed out the conflicting feeling in the perception of being raped by other women. There is also the perception of obstetric violence in the context of the precarious conditions present in the health systems. Conclusion: I reaffirm the need for greater efforts by States, managers, professionals and society to advance in the fight against obstetric violence. So that all women and people with a uterus can receive high-quality, respectful, evidence-based, comprehensive and equitable care, which strengthens policies to combat racism and guarantees autonomy in decisions about the reproductive process. In order to provide individual and pleasurable experiences throughout your obstetric trajectory from the lens of reproductive justice.