Na terra dos sem-terra o arroz deu cacho, o feijão floriô, o milho na palha e a mandioca nos abraçou: uma análise sobre a implementação do Programa Bolsa Família e Renda Básica Emergencial no Acampamento Baixa Verde em Eunápolis/Ba

Abstract

This thesis seeks to investigate the relationship between land and income transfer programs, aiming to determine to what extent both are exclusive or complementary in relation to the value of the benefits and the needs of the campers. The programs analyzed are Bolsa Família and Renda Básica Emergencial in the Baixa Verde community located in Eunápolis/BA, taking into account the beneficiaries' perceptions about the implementation of these programs in the camp. To this end, we opted for a qualitative and quantitative approach, using focus groups and applying an online form through Google Forms as a research method. Firstly, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out using the single registration tabulator - TABCAD, seeking to outline the profile of campers and settlers in a comparative way at national level, northeast, Bahia and Eunápolis who benefit from the Bolsa Família Program - PBF. Subsequently, focus groups were held at the Baixa Verde camp from March to October 2021 with the purpose of listening to the protagonist voices of this reality, the group's experiences on the object of study. One of the words that stood out during the groups was the word “power,” in its most diverse meanings. On the one hand, the power of the land by the ruling class that carries out manipulation, contributes to exploitation and fuels slavery. On the other hand, the word “power” represents having legal access to land, freedom, autonomy, security and the realization of a dream. Based on the data collected, it was found that 84.5% of the camp self-declared as being born and/or black people fighting for access and constitutional guarantee of access to land. The issue of rural poverty was the mobilizing focus, bringing reflections between the rural and the urban, as well as its dimensions of complexity and specificities that are not considered by the income transfer programs analyzed, making access to benefits and leaving the situation difficult. of poverty for camped families. Through the perceptions, it was noted that the camp recognizes the importance of income transfer benefits for community improvements, however, they report that the amounts are not sufficient to meet their basic needs, having a majority contribution to access to food, especially during the period covid 19 pandemic. Often the value of Bolsa Família is lower and/or equal to the amount spent on territorial displacement to the city of Eunápolis, becoming a contradiction in the proposal and objective of the program, serving only for displacement, contributing to a great frustration for these families, once again having their right denied. It was found that inclusion in programs and psychosocial monitoring are carried out discontinuously by the Social Assistance Reference Center – CRAS, not contributing effectively to professional qualification within the camp, as well as to other existing social issues that could be monitored and oriented as provided for in the National Social Assistance Policy - PNAS. Regarding the contribution of the programs to carry out planting, it was noted that it occurs partially in the camp due to two situations: some families need immediate access to food and are unable to go through the stages of planting, watering and harvesting, as the Hunger doesn't wait, others are afraid to plant due to the insecurity of the land/space they currently occupy, as the camp is in the process of transitioning to settlement. However, some families reported that they used part of the emergency aid to plant cassava, beans and various vegetables. The transition is a reality in the Baixa Verde camp, however, this struggle and waiting has been going on for 14 years due to the State's slowness and interest in regularizing this situation. Furthermore, there is a conflict over occupation and division of the area between two movements: the Movement for the Fight for Land – MLT and the Federation of Agricultural Workers – FETAG. Currently the lots have already been distributed, however, they do not have a minimum infrastructure for families to occupy the land/lot such as water and energy and other necessary public policies such as housing construction. However, even in the face of many obstacles that still need to be faced, the occupation of lots represents security, freedom and the realization of a dream of access to land. Finally, the contribution of the aforementioned benefits to the camp is undeniable, however, there is still a lot to advance in the construction of programs that prioritize rural specificities in their creation, implementation and monitoring.