Análise dos tipos de processo de seleção de aluno para os cursos técnicos na rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica.

Abstract

The Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais (IFNMG), based on its autonomy, studies the forms of entry for candidates. In this perspective, this research carried out a thematic approach, restricting the object to the way of selecting candidates for technical courses. The diagnoses and weightings presented result from two issues: the most appropriate and consistent form of admission selection with the mission of the IFNMG and the selection format that allows the optimization of public resources. Thus, this research was guided by the general objective of analyzing the scenario, seeking to understand which form of selection presents the best cost-benefit, guaranteeing the fulfillment of the institutional mission and the least impact on the budget. To this end, the types and costs of selection processes were surveyed, compared and analyzed, as well as their forms of execution, practiced in the Federal Network. Through a descriptive and qualitative methodological approach, the development, discussion and considerations of this research were theoretically supported by authors and scholars in the area of education, who present assumptions linked to the function and principles of public administration. Data extracted from public notices from the institutions of the Federal Network were also used, which made it possible to identify four forms of selection – test, analysis of school records, draw and qualified draw – arranged in tables and systematized by regions of Brazil. This investigation showed that the test modality has a high cost, followed by the analysis of the school record. It was also found that the draw is the modality that has the least impact on the budget of the institutions of the Federal Network and the one that can be executed in less time. Although the results indicate that most Federal Institutes use the test, this investigation concluded that there is no unanimity as to the most appropriate method. In addition, through the treatment of the data collected here and the literature review that supports this research, it is inferred that the draw modality is consistent with contemporary critical studies about meritocracy, with the institutional mission of the IFNMG and with the optimization of the public budget. Without the purpose of ending this discussion, this study aims, above all, to expand the field of investigation of a contemporary, necessary and urgent theme. Faced with these new times, it is therefore necessary that results arising from scientific research be pragmatic and corroborate the transforming power of public education and its role in the country's development.