Violência doméstica contra a mulher: um estudo de representações sociais com policiais militares

Abstract

Violence is a complex socio-historical phenomenon that affects the world's population, especially women who experience domestic violence. Also known as gender violence, it is a social phenomenon, structured on disrespect for rights and aggression against women. In view of this, the organization and struggle of women's and feminist movements resulted in historical milestones such as the implementation of Law 11.340/2006 "Maria da Penha" and the National Policy to Combat Violence against Women, with a view to involving the various sectors of society. society and services, among which the one carried out by the police. This study aims to apprehend the structure of the Social Representations (SR) of military police officers about domestic violence against women. This is a qualitative study, based on the structural approach of the Theory of Social Representations (SRT). The study included 110 military police officers from an operational unit of the Military Police, Salvador, Bahia. To collect the evocations, the Free Word Association Test (TALP) was applied to the inducing stimuli: violence; Domestic violence against women; and what other people think about domestic violence against women; and, interviews. The corpus with the evocations and interviews were processed in the program adapted from the Ensemble de programs permettant L'analyse des Evocations (openEvoc) and in the software Interface de R pourles Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ), resulting in a table of four boxes and in the maximum similarity tree, respectively. Sequentially, the 22 interviews were submitted to lexical analysis and descending hierarchical classification (CHD). The study complied with Ethical and Bioethical principles, in accordance with Resolutions 466/2012 and 510/2016. The participants were mostly soldiers, young adults, black and with higher education. The social representations of military police officers objectify domestic violence as a result of “machismo” and “dependence” which in turn generates: “disrespect”, “power”; the elements “alcohol” and “drugs” emerge as precipitators of violence; “aggression”, “cowardice”, “fear” and “impunity” express the concepts and feelings identified in the practices of dealing with incidents by the police. For the investigated group, the structure of the social representation of domestic violence is anchored in terms that refer to a historical social and cultural construction centered on machismo, and that cause situations that make it difficult for women to face violence. The police officers' speeches indicate that the assistance to women by the police is permeated by sexist thoughts and conduct. The word classes identified in the CHD indicate that the children who grow up in this experience tend to reproduce the behavior of their parents, and the fear felt by women makes it difficult to denounce the aggressor and face the violence. In this sense, the majority of male police officers report that in their daily routine they adopt an impartial attitude and take the couple to the police station. The study may direct educational actions and public policies to improve military police officers regarding gender issues and the (re)signification of care, favoring the improvement of services and the reduction of harm to women's health.