Fatores associados à disfagia orofaringea em pacientes hospitalizados

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the factors associated with the risk of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (OD) in hospitalized subjects. Method: Cross-sectional, observational and prospective study, with a convenience sample of subjects aged 18 years or over, both genders, admitted to the medical clinic, between July and September 2022. The variables gender, color, main diagnosis, comorbidities , and the values of the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scales were collected from the electronic medical record. In addition, the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was applied at the bedside. Results: 62 participants were included, 53.2% female, with a median age of 50 years (q1=36; 13=64); 66.1% brown. Most had illnesses related to the functions of the cardiovascular system, the hematological and immune systems and the respiratory system (43.5%) and Systemic Arterial Hypertension (33.9%) as a comorbidity. 29% of the subjects were at risk for OD. The median of the FOIS scale level was 7 (q1=7; q3=7) and the median of the FSS-ICU scale was 34 points (q1=28; q3=35), indicating that most subjects ingested orally without restrictions and were functionally independent. A significant association was found between DO and the female gender. Conclusion: The presence of subjects admitted to a medical clinic unit at risk of OD was 29% and a statistically significant relationship was observed with the female gender. It is strongly suggested the application of a screening instrument to identify patients at risk DO in medical clinic units