Avaliação histomorfológica do pericárdio bovino acelularizado na cobertura do implante mamário em dorso de ratos

Abstract

Introduction: Biomaterial is defined as any substance or combination of substances that can be used as part or all of a system that treats, augments or replaces any body tissues, organs or functions. Bovine pericardium has been used for many decades in cardiac and vascular surgeries due to its resistance and ease of use. Decellularized bovine pericardium was first used in this experimental study associated with breast implant. The introduction of a foreign body or non-autogenous implant may induce an inflammatory reaction that may lead to tissue erosion, implant fistulization and extrusion. It is in this scenario that the use of extracellular matrices and other dermal substitutes play an essential role. This biomaterial has lower elastin content, which may be beneficial as it increases soft tissue coverage and prevents irregularities during the breast expansion process. Objective: Histologically evaluate the decellularized bovine pericardium in the breast implant coverage on the back of rats. Methodology: This is an intervention study with experimental research with comparison group, with 16 animals, distributed in control and experiment groups. Treatment was performed with the inclusion of breast implants in the submuscular plane of all animals on both sides of the back. The decellularized bovine pericardium was superimposed on the closure of the experimental side musculature. Animals were sacrificed and histomorphologically evaluated in biological points at 7 and 15 days postoperatively. Results: There was granulation tissue formation with collagen fiber deposition, presence of leukocyte fibrin exudate and initial biointegration of the decellularized bovine pericardium with the fibrous capsule and other tissues of the recipient organism during the evaluation period in the experimental group. There were no postoperative complications, such as rejection or extrusion of the biomaterial and prosthesis, in the control and experimental groups. Conclusions: The study shows that the decellularized bovine pericardium implanted in the dorsal region of rats presents an adequate tissue response, suggestive of an initial biointegration, with morphological findings in the experimental periods of 7 and 15 days.