Proposta de regulamentação da inclusão das abelhas sem ferrão em todas as etapas do licenciamento ambiental: EIA, restage e monitoramento

Abstract

The Environmental Impact Studies could best contribute to the conservation of ecosystems, the diagnostic fauna not to cling to certain taxonomic groups, leaving most of the time, to consider important taxa in key ecological processes. The invertebrates are responsible for important ecosystem contributions, among them the pollination performed especially by the bees, that have a key role in the maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems. In particular, the behavioral and ecologic features of the bees with big social colonies make the group liable to the direct impacts of the deforestation obtained from licensing and, besides, to the indirect impacts of the loss and fragmentation of habitats. Nevertheless, one can seldom see any reference to this taxonomic group on the EIS’s or EIR’s. The survey of studies that investigated EIS’s/EIR’s and the analysis of reports of several kinds of enterprises confirm that that group is rarely taken into account in the environment impact studies. The rescue of sessile colonies of these bees is essential to guarantee their services as pollinators on the scale of natural and rural landscapes and, furthermore, the possibility to generate social benefits, with incentive to meliponiculture (the breeding of stingless bees), that provides income and reduces the predatory extractive action (“meleiros” = honey collectors). Since the conservation of the native social bees from the Meliponini group is essential for the sustainability of basic ecosystem processes and since they have been neglected in the environment licensing procedures, it is necessary to include this group in the impact studies, so they can be correctly evaluated and mitigating measures can be taken.