Perfil epidemiológico da Doença Meningocócica em crianças e adolescentes no Estado da Bahia, no período anterior e posterior à introdução da vacina conjugada meningocócica C no Sistema Único de Saúde (2004-2015)

Abstract

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE STATE OF BAHIA, IN THE PREVIOUS PERIOD AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATED VACCINES IN UNIFIED HEALTH DE SYSTEM (2004-2015). Background: Meningococcal Disease has a relevant incidence in Public Health and presents high mortality rates. Sepsis and meningitis are their clinical forms of presentation. Objectives: This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of meningococcal disease in children and adolescents (0 to 19 years) in Bahia from 2004 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015, respectively, before and after the introduction of the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine Ministry of Health, in association with socio-demographic variables: sex, age group, ethnicity, region, evolution and serogroup. Material and Methods: a descriptive study, in a time series (2004 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015), based on secondary data collected in Datasus. Results: in the second period there was a slight reduction in the number of reported cases of children and adolescents diagnosed with Meningococcal Disease or meningococcemia in the State of Bahia. When analyzing the age group, there was a reduction of prevalence limited to the population that was covered by vaccination during the study period, those who have 1 to 4 years of age. There was a predominance of males in both periods, the brown population was the majority in both periods, there was an increase in the number of cases in Salvador and Metropolitan Region of Salvador in the second period, as well as increased cure and reduction of mortality. Serogroup C was the most prevalent in the second period. Discussion: There was a limited and limited reduction in the prevalence of Meningococcal Disease, which differed from the United Kingdom, which, when introducing universal vaccination, showed a wide reduction in prevalence and mortality. Conclusion: the importance of the use of the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine was observed in this study, which revealed its high positive impact in the target population, as well as the need to expand the meningococcal vaccine for serogroups B and W135 and universalization for all other age groups.