Apresentação clínica da forma crônica da Chikungunya em Feira de Santana-Ba

Abstract

Chikungunya is an arbovirus, caused by the alphavirus CHIKV, transmitted through the bite of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The acute phase lasts up to 7 days and has as main features sudden onset fever and intense joint pain. The chronic phase develops after 3 months and is defined by persistent osteoarticular involvement. As of December 2016, 145,059 confirmed cases of the disease were registered. OBJECTIVES: To describe the joint involvement in patients with the chronic clinical form of Chikungunya fever. To determine the prevalence of chronic forms. Describe the topographic distribution of joint involvement. Look for possible pre-existing individual factors associated with joint impairment. To evaluate the impact of joint impairment on the quality of life of people affected. METHODS: a cross-sectional study of a series of chikungunya cases in individuals living in the municipality of Feira de Santana / Bahia between 2015 and 2016. A questionnaire containing information on biological, socioeconomic, clinical, laboratory and comorbid data was applied. The database and the relevant statistical calculations were performed using the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS: A total of 1823 individuals participated in the study, of whom 391 (21.4%) reported having been affected by Chikungunya. 59.8% of the people who received the clinical diagnosis of chikungunya developed the chronic form, the relationships between sex and stage of the disease, age group the disease stage, arthralgia and disease stage, disease edema and phase, recurrence and phase of Disease were statistically significant. Chikungunya, both acutely and chronically, negatively impacted the participants' quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Chikungunya is a polyarthralgia, which mainly affects the end joints, usually associated with edema, and tends to recur. The acute clinical form was characterized as a febrile disease, associated with headache, myalgia, arthralgia of extremities. The most affected joint sites were, in descending order, ankle (s), wrist (s), quadradactyl (s) and knee (s). The individual factors related to chronic disease were female gender and age between 40 and 59 years. Chikungunya infection negatively impacted the study participants' quality of life.